While searching all available resources, we were unable to locate information about the relationship between growth hormone and uterine myohyperplasia or myohypertrophy excessive growth or development of the uterine muscles. References References. Gigantism and Acromegaly. Medscape Reference. Tsilchorozidou T, Conway GS. Uterus size and ovarian morphology in women with isolated growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and hypopituitarism.
Clinical Endocrinology. November ; 61 5 Uterine leiomyomata--a feature of acromegaly. Human reproduction. July ; 13 7 Multiple leiomyomas of the esophagus, lung, and uterus in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. The American Journal of Pathology. September, ; 3 Share this content:.
Close Copy Link. You May Be Interested In. Pituitary tumours can be small in size micro-adenoma or large macro-adenoma. However, in gigantism, they are frequently large and invade nearby brain tissue. The size of the adenoma directly affects the signs and symptoms experienced by the individual see below. The signs and symptoms of gigantism are usually due to the excessive amount of growth hormone production and sometimes due to the pressure that larger adenomas may have within or in the brain areas close to the pituitary gland.
Gigantism is an extremely rare condition, which most endocrinologists may come across only a couple of times in their whole careers. Only approximately six new cases occur each year in the United Kingdom. Gigantism is generally not inherited. There are, however, a number of rare conditions associated with gigantism such as McCune Albright syndrome , neurofibromatosis, Carney complex and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 4.
Gigantism seen in these conditions is still rare. Recently, a new possible cause of pituitary tumours in families has been suggested, particularly tumours secreting growth hormone or prolactin. These often occur at a relatively young age and are thought to be caused by a genetic mutation.
If gigantism is suspected, the diagnosis is usually confirmed by taking blood tests to measure the levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 IGF1 circulating in the blood.
IGF1 is released into the blood primarily by the liver in response to growth hormone. This involves having a glucose drink followed by blood samples obtained periodically over 2 hours to estimate the growth hormone level.
Normally, the amount of growth hormone in the blood is reduced by the glucose drink. However, if a person suffers from gigantism, the growth hormone level remains high. A magnetic resonance imaging MRI scan is undertaken to assess the size of the pituitary gland and the degree of compression of surrounding structures. These investigations are all performed as an outpatient.
Gigantism requires early diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent excess height and to improve life expectancy. If it is left untreated, gigantism is associated with significant complications and an increased death rate of around twice the normal average for the population. The aim is to reduce growth hormone levels below 2. Other causes include: Genetic disease that affects the skin color pigmentation and causes benign tumors of the skin, heart, and endocrine hormone system Carney complex Genetic disease that affects the bones and skin pigmentation McCune-Albright syndrome Genetic disease in which one or more of the endocrine glands are overactive or form a tumor multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or type 4 Genetic disease that forms pituitary tumors Disease in which tumors form on the nerves of the brain and spine neurofibromatosis If excess GH occurs after normal bone growth has stopped end of puberty , the condition is known as acromegaly.
Other symptoms include: Delayed puberty Double vision or difficulty with side peripheral vision Very prominent forehead frontal bossing and a prominent jaw Gaps between the teeth Headache Increased sweating Irregular periods menstruation Joint pain Large hands and feet with thick fingers and toes Release of breast milk Sleep problems Thickening of the facial features Weakness Voice changes. Exams and Tests. The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the child's symptoms.
For pituitary tumors, surgery can cure many cases. Sometimes radiation treatment is used to decrease the size of the tumor after surgery. Outlook Prognosis. Pituitary surgery is usually successful in limiting GH production. Early treatment can reverse many of the changes caused by GH excess. Possible Complications. This can cause any of the following conditions: Adrenal insufficiency adrenal glands do not produce enough of their hormones Diabetes insipidus extreme thirst and excessive urination; in rare cases Hypogonadism body's sex glands produce little or no hormones Hypothyroidism thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone.
When to Contact a Medical Professional.
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